# Unit 4B - Free Response - StringFormatter B

Each coding exercise has its own folder. Open its `.java` file and press **Run** to try it. **Run Tests** checks every graded exercise in this lesson at once.

The following is a free response question from 2016. It was question 4 part B on the exam. You can see all the free response questions from past exams at [Past AP CSA Exams](https://www.savemyexams.com/ap/computer-science/college-board/a/past-papers/) .

This question involves the process of taking a list of words, called `wordList`, and producing a formatted string of a specified length. The list `wordList` contains at least two words, consisting of letters only. When the formatted string is constructed, spaces are placed in the gaps between words so that as many spaces as possible are evenly distributed to each gap. The equal number of spaces inserted into each gap is referred to as the basic gap width. Any leftover spaces are inserted one at a time into the gaps from left to right until there are no more leftover spaces.

The following three examples illustrate these concepts. In each example, the list of words is to be placed into a formatted string of length 20.

![2016FRQ4A1](images/2016FRQ4A1.png)

## Part B

1. Write the `StringFormatter` method `basicGapWidth`, which returns the basic gap width as defined above.

![2016FRQ4B1](images/2016FRQ4B1.png)

Assume that `totalLetters` works as specified regardless of what you wrote in part (a). You must use `totalLetters` appropriately to receive full credit.

Complete method `basicGapWidth` below.

```java
/** Returns the basic gap width when wordList is used to produce
*  a formatted string of formattedLen characters.
*  Precondition: wordList contains at least two words, consisting of letters only.
*            formattedLen is large enough for all the words and gaps.
*/
public static int basicGapWidth(List<String> wordList,
                                 int formattedLen)
```

## How to Solve Part B

To calculate `basicGapWidth` we need to find the number of spaces left after the characters fill the `formattedLen` and divide that by the number of gaps between words. We can use `totalLetters` (written in part A) to get the total number of characters for all the strings in `wordList`. The number of gaps between words is the number of words in `wordList` minus 1. The `basicGapWidth` is the number of spaces left divided by the number of gaps between words. Remember that if we do an integer division any fractional part will be thrown away, which is what we want to happen in this case.

For example, if `formattedLen` is 20 and `wordList` is [“AP”, “COMP”, “SCI”, “ROCKS”] then the number of spaces left is 20 - 14 = 6 and the number of gaps is 4 - 1 = 3. The result is 6 / 3 = 2.

If `formattedLen` is 20 and `wordList` is [“GREEN”, “EGGS”, “AND”, “HAM”] then the number of spaces left is 20 - 15 = 5 and the number of gaps is 4 - 1 = 3 so 5 / 3 = 1. There will be two extra spaces left over.

If `formattedLen` is 20 and `wordList` is [“BEACH”, “BALL”] then the number of spaces left is 20 - 9 = 11 and the number of gaps is 2 - 1 = 1 so 11 / 1 = 11.

> Check your understanding: How do you access the number of items in an ArrayList\<String> called list? — answer it on CS Awesome: https://runestone.academy/ns/books/published/csawesome2/stringFormatterB.html#fr_formatterb_1

> Check your understanding: True or False: A loop is required to correctly solve this problem. — answer it on CS Awesome: https://runestone.academy/ns/books/published/csawesome2/stringFormatterB.html#fr_formatterb_2

## Put the Code in Order

> Check your understanding: The following has the correct code to solve this problem, but also contains extra code that isn’t needed in a correct solution. — answer it on CS Awesome: https://runestone.academy/ns/books/published/csawesome2/stringFormatterB.html#stringFormatterB

## Write the Code

### Exercise 1

Finish writing the `basicGapWidth` method so that it returns the size that the gap should be. The `main` method will test your code to check that you solved it correctly.

> Open the `01-lcfrsbasicGapWidth` folder and edit `StringFormatter.java`. Press **Run** to try it; **Run Tests** checks it (4 tests).